E whakamārama ana tētahi rangahau hou, kāore anō kia whakaputaina, i te pānga pea o ngā kai tukatuka-tino ki te roa o te ora o te tangata. I whakaatuhia e te rangahau, i whai i te neke atu i te haurua miriona tāngata mō te tata ki te 30 tau, ētahi kitenga āwangawanga. I kī a Erica Loftfield, te kaituhi matua o te rangahau me te kairangahau i te National Cancer Institute, mā te kai i te nui o ngā kai tukatuka-tino ka whakapoto i te roanga o te ora o te tangata mā te neke atu i te 10 ōrau. Whai muri i te whakatikatika mō ngā āhuatanga maha, ka piki te mōrearea ki te 15% mō ngā tāne me te 14% mō ngā wāhine.
Ka rukuhia hoki e te rangahau ngā momo kai tukatuka-tino motuhake e kainga ana. He mea whakamiharo, i kitea he mahi nui ngā inu ki te whakatairanga i te kai i ngā kai tukatuka-tino. Inaa, ko te 90% o runga o ngā kaihoko kai tukatuka-tino e kī ana ko ngā inu tukatuka-tino (tae atu ki ngā inu kai me ngā inu ngawari huka) te mea nui rawa atu i ā rātou rārangi kai. E whakaatu ana tēnei i te mahi matua a ngā inu i roto i te kai me tā rātou takoha ki te kai tukatuka-tino.
I tua atu, i kitea e te rangahau ko ngā witi kua oti te para, pērā i ngā taro kua tino tukatukahia me ngā kai tunua, te tuarua o ngā momo kai tino tukatukahia. E whakaatu ana tēnei kitenga i te horapa o ngā kai tino tukatukahia i roto i ā tātou kai me te pānga pea ki tō tātou hauora me te roa o te ora.
He mea nui ngā pānga o tēnei rangahau, ā, me āta tirotiro anō hoki i ā tātou tikanga kai. Ko ngā kai tino tukatukahia, e kitea ana i roto i ngā taumata teitei o ngā tāpiringa, ngā matū tiaki, me ētahi atu kai horihori, kua roa nei e noho ana hei kaupapa āwangawanga i roto i ngā mara o te kai totika me te hauora tūmatanui. Ka tāpiri atu ēnei kitenga ki ngā taunakitanga e pā kino ana pea te kai i aua kai ki tō tātou hauora me te roanga o te ora.
He mea nui kia mōhiotia ko te kupu "kai tukatuka-tino" e kapi ana i te whānuitanga o ngā hua, tae atu ki ngā inu ngawari huka me te iti-kaiora anake, engari ko ngā momo kai paramanawa kua takaihia, ngā kai ngāwari me ngā kai kua rite ki te kai. He maha ngā wā kei roto i ēnei hua he nui te huka tāpiri, ngā ngako kino me te konutai, engari kāore he matūkai me te muka nui. Nā te ngāwari me te reka kua waiho hei whiringa rongonui mā te tini o te tangata, engari kei te puta ake ngā hua mō te wā roa o te kai i a rātou.
I kī a Carlos Monteiro, he ahorangi emeritus mō te kai me te hauora tūmatanui i Te Whare Wānanga o São Paulo i Brazil, i roto i tētahi īmēra: "Ko tētahi atu rangahau whānui, roa-wā tēnei e whakaū ana i te hononga i waenga i te kai UPF (kai tukatuka-maha) me te hononga i waenga i te mate, inā koa te mate ngakau me te mate huka momo 2."
Nā Monteiro te kupu "kai tukatuka-tino" i hanga, ā, nā reira i waihanga te pūnaha whakarōpūtanga kai NOVA, e aro nui ana ki te ihirangi kai anake, engari ki te āhua o te hanga kai anō hoki. Kāore a Monteiro i whai wāhi ki te rangahau, engari he maha ngā mema o te pūnaha whakarōpūtanga NOVA he kaituhi tahi.
Kei roto i ngā tāpiringa ko ngā mea tiaki hei whawhai i te harore me te huakita, ngā mea whakaemulsifier hei ārai i te wehenga o ngā kai kore e hototahi, ngā tae me ngā tae horihori, ngā mea ārai-huka, ngā mea whakapūpū, ngā mea whakamā, ngā mea whakapūpū me ngā mea whakakanapa, me ērā e tāpirihia ana hei hanga i ngā kai kia reka, kia whakarerekētia rānei te huka, te tote, me te ngako.
Ngā mōrearea hauora mai i ngā mīti tukatuka me ngā inu ngohengohe
I tātarihia e te rangahau tuatahi, i tukuna i te Rātapu i te hui ā-tau a te American Academy of Nutrition i Chicago, tata ki te 541,000 o ngā Amerikana i waenga i te 50 ki te 71 tau te pakeke, i whai wāhi ki te Rangahau Kai me te Hauora a te National Institutes of Health-AARP i te tau 1995.
I honoa e ngā kairangahau ngā raraunga kai ki te mate i roto i ngā tau 20 ki te 30 e whai ake nei. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau ko te hunga e kai ana i ngā kai tino tukatukahia he nui ake te tūponotanga ka mate i te mate manawa, i te mate huka rānei i te hunga kei roto i te 10 ōrau o raro o ngā kaihoko kai tino tukatukahia. Heoi, he rerekē ki ētahi atu rangahau, kāore i kitea e ngā kairangahau he pikinga ake o te mate e pā ana ki te mate pukupuku.
E ai ki ngā rangahau, tera pea ka roa ngā pānga o ngā kai tino tukatukahia e kainga ana e ngā tamariki i ēnei rā.
Kua kitea e ngā tohunga ngā tohu o te mōrearea cardiometabolic i roto i ngā tamariki 3-tau te pakeke. Anei ngā kai e hono ana ki tēnei
He nui ake te mōrearea o ētahi kai tino tukatukahia i ētahi atu, e ai ki tā Loftfield: "Ko ngā mīti me ngā inu ngohengohe tino tukatukahia kei roto i ngā kai tino tukatukahia e tino hono ana ki te mōrearea o te mate."
E kiia ana ngā inu iti-kaiora he kai tukatuka-tino nui nā te mea kei roto ngā mea reka horihori pērā i te aspartame, te acesulfame potassium, me te stevia, me ētahi atu tāpiringa kāore i kitea i roto i ngā kai katoa. E hono ana ngā inu iti-kaiora ki te pikinga ake o te mōrearea o te mate wawe mai i te mate manawa me te pikinga ake o te mate wareware, te mate huka momo 2, te momona, te whiu me te mate pāwera, ka arahi pea ki te mate manawa me te mate huka.
Kua tūtohu kē ngā Aratohu Kai mō ngā Amerikana kia whakawhāitihia te kai i ngā inu kua reka ki te huka, kua honoa ēnei ki te mate wawe me te whanaketanga o ngā mate mau tonu. I kitea i roto i tētahi rangahau o Poutū-te-rangi 2019, ko ngā wāhine i inu i te neke atu i te rua inu huka (he kapu, he pounamu, he kēne rānei) i te rā, he 63% te pikinga ake o te mōrearea o te mate wawe, ki te whakataurite ki ngā wāhine i inu iti iho i te kotahi i te marama. %. Ko ngā tāne i mahi i taua mea anō, he 29% te pikinga ake o te mōrearea.
Whakaranua ki ngā kai tote. He tēpu papatahi kei runga i te papamuri rakau tawhito.
I kitea e te rangahau he hononga ngā kai tukatuka-tino ki te mate ngakau, te mate huka, ngā mate hinengaro me te mate wawe
Kāore i te tūtohutia ngā mīti tukatuka pērā i te pēkana, te hot dog, te hōtiti, te hāmi, te mīti kau kōnati, te tītī, me ngā mīti deli; kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau he hononga te mīti whero me ngā mīti tukatuka ki te mate pukupuku o te puku, te mate pukupuku o te puku, te mate ngakau, te mate huka, me ngā mate ohorere mai i tetahi take.
I kī a Rosie Green, he ahorangi mō te taiao, te kai me te hauora i te Kura Hauora me te Rongoā Tropika o Rānana, i roto i tētahi kōrero: "E whakaatu ana tēnei rangahau hou i ngā taunakitanga ko te mīti tukatuka tētahi o ngā kai kino rawa atu, engari kāore te hāmi i te kiia he UPF (kai tukatuka-maha) rānei ngā nati heihei." Kāore ia i whai wāhi ki te rangahau.
I kitea i roto i te rangahau ko te hunga i kai i ngā kai tino tukatukahia he taitamariki, he taumaha ake, ā, he kino ake te kounga o ā rātou kai i te hunga i kai iti iho i ngā kai tino tukatukahia. Heoi, i kitea i roto i te rangahau kāore e taea e ēnei rerekētanga te whakamārama i te pikinga o ngā mōrearea hauora, nā te mea ko te hunga he taumaha noa, ā, he pai ake ā rātou kai, tera pea ka mate wawe i te kai i ngā kai tino tukatukahia.
E ai ki ngā tohunga, kua rua pea te nui o te kai i ngā kai tino tukatukahia mai i te wā i whakahaerehia ai te rangahau. Anastasiia Krivenok/Moment RF/Getty Images
"Me āta whakaaro ki ngā rangahau e whakamahi ana i ngā pūnaha whakarōpūtanga kai pēnei i a NOVA, e arotahi ana ki te taumata tukatuka kaua ki te ihirangi matūkai," te kī a Carla Saunders, te heamana o te Komiti Whakahaere Calorie o te umanga ahumahi, i roto i tētahi īmēra.
"He kino, he mahi hē hoki te whakaaro kia whakakorehia ngā inu reka pēnei i ngā inu kore-kai me ngā inu iti-kaiora kua whakamātauhia hei rongoā i ngā mate tāpiri pēnei i te momona me te mate huka," te kī a Saunders.
Tērā pea ka whakaitihia e ngā hua te mōrearea
Ko tētahi herenga matua o te rangahau ko te kotahi noa te kohikohinga o ngā raraunga kai, 30 tau ki muri, e ai ki a Green: "He uaua ki te kī me pēhea te hurihanga o ngā tikanga kai i waenganui i taua wā me nāianei."
Heoi, kua tino tere te tipu o te umanga hanga kai tino tukatuka mai i waenganui o te tekau tau atu i 1990, ā, e kiia ana tata ki te 60% o te kai toharite o ia rā a te tangata Amerikana i ahu mai i ngā kai tino tukatuka. Kāore tēnei i te miharo, nā te mea tae atu ki te 70% o ngā kai i roto i tētahi toa hoko kai he tino tukatuka.
"Mēnā he raruraru, kei te whakaititia pea e tātou te nui o tā tātou kai i ngā kai tino tukatukahia nā te mea he tino ātaahua rawa tā tātou mahi," te kī a Lovefield. "Tērā pea ka piki ake te kai i ngā kai tino tukatukahia i roto i ngā tau."
Ina hoki, i kitea he hua ōrite i roto i tētahi rangahau i whakaputaina i te marama o Mei, e whakaatu ana neke atu i te 100,000 ngā kaimahi hauora i kai i ngā kai tukatuka-tino nui, he nui ake te tūponotanga o te mate wawe me te mate mai i te mate manawa. I kitea i roto i te rangahau, i aromatawai i te kai tukatuka-tino nui i ia tau e whā, kua piki rua te kai mai i waenganui o te tekau tau 1980 ki te tau 2018.
Ka tangohia e te kōtiro ngā maramara rīwai parai parai mai i roto i tētahi peihana karāhe, i tētahi pereti rānei, ka whakatakotoria ki runga i tētahi papamuri mā, ki tētahi tēpu rānei. I roto i ngā ringa o te wahine ngā maramara rīwai, ā, ka kainga e ia. He kai kino me te ariā o te noho, he kohi taumaha rawa.
ngā tuhinga e pā ana
Tērā pea kua kai koe i ngā kai kua oti kē te keri. Ko ngā take e whai ake nei
"Hei tauira, kua tata rua te pikinga o ngā kai reka tote me ngā kai reka miraka pēnei i te aihikirīmi e kainga ana i ia rā mai i te tekau tau atu i 1990," te kī a te kaituhi matua o te rangahau i te marama o Mei, Clinical Epidemiology i te Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health. te kī a Tākuta Song Mingyang, he ahorangi tuarua mō te pūtaiao me te kai totika.
"I roto i tā mātou rangahau, pērā i tēnei rangahau hou, ko te whanaungatanga pai i ahu mai i ētahi rōpū iti, tae atu ki ngā mīti tukatuka me ngā inu huka, ngā inu reka hangai rānei," te kī a Song. "Heoi, ko ngā kāwai katoa o ngā kai tukatuka-tino nui e hono ana ki te pikinga o te mōrearea."
E ai ki a Loftfield, ko te whiriwhiri i ngā kai he iti rawa te tukatuka tētahi huarahi hei whakawhāiti i ngā kai tino tukatukahia i roto i tāu kai.
"Me aro nui tātou ki te kai i ngā kai tino momona i roto i ngā kai katoa," tana kī. "Mēnā he kai tino tukatukahia, tirohia te nui o te konutai me te huka tāpiri, kātahi ka ngana ki te whakamahi i te tapanga Mōhiohio Kai hei whakatau pai rawa atu."
Nā, me aha tātou hei whakaiti i te pānga pea o ngā kai tukatuka-tino ki ō tātou oranga? Ko te taahiraa tuatahi ko te aro nui ake ki ā tātou whiringa kai. Mā te aro nui atu ki ngā kai me ngā matūkai o ngā kai me ngā inu e kainga ana e tātou, ka taea e tātou te whakatau whai whakaaro mō ngā mea ka tukuna e tātou ki roto i ō tātou tinana. Tērā pea ko te whiriwhiri i ngā kai katoa, kāore i tukatukahia i ngā wā katoa e taea ana, me te whakaiti i te kai o ngā hua kua tukatukahia me ngā hua kua tākaihia.
Hei tāpiritanga, he mea nui te whakapiki i te mōhiotanga mō ngā mōrearea e pā ana ki te kai nui rawa o ngā kai tukatuka-tino. Ka taea e te mātauranga me ngā kaupapa hauora tūmatanui te whai wāhi nui ki te whakaako i te tangata mō ngā pānga hauora pea o ngā whiringa kai me te āwhina i a rātou ki te whakatau i ngā whakatau hauora. Mā te whakatairanga i te māramatanga hohonu ake ki te hononga i waenga i te kai me te roa o te ora, ka taea e tātou te whakatenatena i ngā huringa pai ki ngā tikanga kai me te hauora whānui.
Hei tāpiritanga, he mahi tā ngā kaihanga kaupapa here me ngā kaipupuri pānga o te umanga kai ki te aro atu ki te horapa o ngā kai tino tukatukahia i roto i te taiao kai. Mā te whakatinana i ngā ture me ngā kaupapa e whakatairanga ana i te wātea me te utu tika o ngā kōwhiringa hauora, iti te tukatuka, ka āwhina i te waihanga i tētahi taiao tautoko ake mō ngā tāngata e whai ana ki te whakatau i ngā kōwhiringa hauora.
Te wā tuku: Hurae-17-2024
