Ko te ingoa whānui o NAD+ ko te coenzyme, ā, ko tōna ingoa katoa ko te nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. He coenzyme nui tēnei i roto i te huringa waikawa tricarboxylic. Ka whakatairanga i te pākia o te huka, te ngako, me ngā waikawa amino, ka whai wāhi ki te hanga pūngao, ā, ka whai wāhi ki ngā mano tini o ngā tauhohenga i roto i ia pūtau. He nui ngā raraunga whakamātautau e whakaatu ana he whānui te whai wāhi o NAD+ ki ngā momo mahi ā-tinana taketake o te rauropi, ā, ka uru atu ki ngā mahi matua o te pūtau pēnei i te pākia o te pūngao, te whakatika i te DNA, te whakarerekētanga ira, te mumura, ngā auau koiora, me te ātete ki te ahotea.
E ai ki ngā rangahau e tika ana, ka heke te taumata NAD+ i roto i te tinana o te tangata i te pakeketanga. Mā te hekenga o ngā taumata NAD+ ka heke pea te pūnaha io, ka ngaro te tirohanga, ka momona, ka heke te mahi a te ngākau me ētahi atu hekenga mahi. Nō reira, he pātai tonu te take me pēhea te whakanui ake i te taumata NAD+ i roto i te tinana o te tangata. He kaupapa rangahau wera tēnei i roto i te hapori koiora.
Nā te mea, i a tātou e pakeke haere ana, DNA ka piki ake te kino. I te wā o te tukanga whakatika DNA, ka piki ake te hiahia mō PARP1, ka iti te mahi a te SIRT, ka piki ake te whakamahinga o te NAD+, ā, ka heke noa te nui o te NAD+.
E 37 tiriona pūtau te rahi o tō tātou tinana. Me whakaoti e ngā pūtau he maha o ngā "mahi" me ngā tauhohenga pūtau - kia ora ai rātou. E whakawhirinaki ana ia o ō pūtau 37 tiriona ki te NAD+ hei mahi i tana mahi tonu.
I te kaumātuatanga o te taupori o te ao, kua noho ko ngā mate e pā ana ki te kaumātuatanga pērā i te mate a Alzheimer, te mate ngākau, ngā raruraru hononga, te moe, me ngā raruraru pūnaha toto kua noho hei mate nui e mōrearea ana ki te hauora o te tangata.
NAD+ Ka heke ngā taumata i te pakeketanga, i runga i ngā inenga mai i ngā tauira kiri tangata:
E whakaatu ana ngā hua ine, i te pikinga ake o te pakeketanga, ka heke haere te nui o te NAD+ i roto i te tinana o te tangata. Nā te aha te take o te hekenga o te NAD+?
Ko ngā tino take o te hekenga o te NAD+ ko: te koroheketanga me te pikinga o te hiahia mō te NAD+, ka hua ake te hekenga o ngā taumata NAD+ i roto i te maha o ngā kiko, tae atu ki te ate, te uaua angaiwi, me te roro. Nā te hekenga, e whakaarohia ana ko te ngoikore o te mitochondrial, te ahotea waikura me te mumura ka whai wāhi ki ngā raruraru hauora e pā ana ki te koroheketanga, ka hanga he huringa kino.
1. Ka mahi a NAD+ hei coenzyme i roto i ngā mitochondria hei whakatairanga i te taurite o te pākia o te tinana, he tino kaha te mahi a NAD+ i roto i ngā tukanga pākia o te tinana pērā i te glycolysis, te huringa TCA (arā, te huringa Krebs, te huringa waikawa citric rānei) me te mekameka kawe irahiko, koinei te huarahi e whiwhi pūngao ai ngā pūtau. Ka whakaitihia e te koroheketanga me te kai nui-kaiora ngā taumata NAD+ i roto i te tinana.
Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau i roto i ngā kiore pakeke, mā te tango i ngā tāpiringa NAD+ ka whakaiti i te pikinga taumaha e pā ana ki te kai, ki te pakeketanga rānei, ā, ka whakapai ake i te kaha ki te whakakorikori tinana. Hei tāpiri, kua hurihia e ngā rangahau ngā pānga o te mate huka i roto i ngā kiore uwha, e whakaatu ana i ngā rautaki hou hei whawhai i ngā mate pāwera pēnei i te momona.
Ka herea e te NAD+ ngā whākōkī, ā, ka whakawhiti irahiko i waenga i ngā ngota. Ko ngā irahiko te pūtake o te pūngao pūtau. Ka mahi te NAD+ ki ngā pūtau, pērā i te whakahou i te pākahiko. Ina pau ngā irahiko, ka mate te pākahiko. I roto i ngā pūtau, ka taea e te NAD+ te whakatairanga i te whakawhiti irahiko me te whakarato pūngao ki ngā pūtau. Mā tēnei, ka taea e te NAD+ te whakaiti, te whakanui rānei i te mahi whākōkī, ka whakatairanga i te whakaaturanga ira me te tohu pūtau.
Ka āwhina a NAD+ ki te whakahaere i te kino o te DNA
I te pakeke haere o ngā rauropi, ka taea e ngā āhuatanga taiao kino pēnei i te irahiko, te parahanga, me te tāruarua DNA kāore i te tino tika te kino ki te DNA. Ko tētahi tēnei o ngā ariā o te koroheketanga. Kei roto i te nuinga o ngā pūtau te "mīhini ngota" hei whakatika i tēnei kino.
Me whakamahi te NAD+ me te pūngao mō tēnei whakatikatika, nō reira ka pau ngā rauemi pūtau nui i te kino o te DNA. Ko te mahi a te PARP, he pūmua whakatikatika DNA nui, e whakawhirinaki ana hoki ki te NAD+. Mā te koroheketanga noa ka kohia te kino o te DNA i roto i te tinana, ka piki ake te RARP, ā, ka heke iho ngā kukū NAD+. Mā te kino o te DNA mitochondrial i tētahi taahiraa ka whakanui ake i tēnei whakahekenga.
2. Ka pāngia e te NAD+ te mahi a ngā ira roa o te ora, arā, ko ngā ira Sirtuins, ā, ka ārai i te koroheketanga.
Ko ngā ira hou mō te roa o te ora, arā, ko ngā sirtuins, e mōhiotia ana ko ngā "kaitiaki o ngā ira," he mahi nui tā rātou ki te pupuri i te hauora o ngā pūtau. Ko ngā sirtuins he whānau whākōkī e whai wāhi ana ki te urupare ki te ahotea o ngā pūtau me te whakatika i ngā pakaru. Ka whai wāhi hoki rātou ki te whakaputanga o te insulin, te tukanga koroheketanga, me ngā āhuatanga hauora e pā ana ki te koroheketanga pērā i ngā mate neurodegenerative me te mate huka.
Ko te NAD+ te wahie e āwhina ana i ngā sirtuin ki te pupuri i te pumau o te ira me te whakatairanga i te whakatikatika DNA. Pērā i te kore e taea e te motuka te ora me te kore wahie, me hiahia ngā Sirtuin ki te NAD+ hei whakahohe. E whakaatu ana ngā hua o ngā rangahau kararehe ko te whakanui ake i ngā taumata NAD+ i roto i te tinana ka whakahohe i ngā pūmua sirtuin me te whakaroa i te roanga o te ora o te rewena me te kiore.
3. Te mahi a te ngākau
Mā te whakanui ake i ngā taumata NAD+ ka tiakina te ngākau, ka whakapai ake hoki i te mahi a te ngākau. Ka taea e te toto toto tiketike te whakanui ake i te ngākau me ngā uaua kua āraihia, ka arahi pea ki te whiu. I muri i te whakakī anō i te taumata NAD+ i roto i te ngākau mā roto i ngā tāpiringa NAD+, ka aukatihia te kino ki te ngākau i puta mai i te reperfusion. Kua whakaatuhia e ētahi atu rangahau ka tiakina hoki e ngā tāpiringa NAD+ ngā kiore mai i te whakanuinga ngākau rerekē.
4. Te pirau o te roro
I roto i ngā kiore me te mate a Alzheimer, ko te whakanui ake i ngā taumata NAD+ i whakarei ake i te mahi hinengaro mā te whakaiti i te kohikohinga o ngā pūmua e whakararuraru ana i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero roro. Ko te whakanui ake i ngā taumata NAD+ ka tiaki hoki i ngā pūtau roro mai i te mate ina kore e nui te toto e rere ana ki te roro. Te āhua nei he oati hou tā NAD+ ki te tiaki i te neurodegeneration me te whakapai ake i te mahara.
5. Pūnaha ārai mate
I a tātou e pakeke haere ana, ka heke te kaha o ā tātou pūnaha ārai mate, ā, ka ngāwari ake tātou ki te pāngia e te mate. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau hou he mea nui te mahi a ngā taumata NAD+ ki te whakahaere i ngā urupare ārai mate me te mumura me te oranga o ngā pūtau i te wā e pakeke haere ana. E whakaatu ana te rangahau i te kaha rongoā o te NAD+ mō te ngoikore o te pūnaha ārai mate.
6. Whakahaere i te pākia o te tinana
Whawhai ki te kino waikura
Ka taea e te NAD+ te āwhina i te whakaroa i te koroheketanga mā te aukati i ngā tauhohenga mumura, te whakahaere i te homeostasis redox o te tinana, te tiaki i ngā pūtau mai i te kino, me te pupuri i ngā mahi metabolic noa.
7. Āwhina ki te pehi i ngā pukupuku
Ka taea hoki e te NAD+ te ārai me te rongoā i te leukopenia i puta mai i te radiotherapy me te chemotherapy, te whakapai ake i te ātete rongoā i puta mai i te whakamahinga roa o ngā paturopi PD-1/PD-L1, me te whakapai ake i te whakahohenga pūtau-T me te kaha ki te patu pukupuku.
8. Whakapai ake i te mahi a te ovarian
Ka heke te taumata NAD+ i roto i ngā ovaries wahine i runga i te tau. Ka taea e te pikinga ake o te ihirangi NAD+ tewhakapai ake i te mahi mitochondrial ovarian,whakaiti i ngā taumata momo hāora tauhohe i roto i ngā hua o te puku kua koroheke, me te whakaroa i te koroheketanga o ngā whatukuhu.
9. Whakapai ake i te kounga o te moe
Ka taea e te NAD+ te whakapai ake i te kore taurite o te manawataki circadian, te whakapai ake i te kounga o te moe, me te whakatairanga i te moe mā te whakahaere i te karaka koiora.
Kāore ngā momo okana o te tinana e tū motuhake ana. He tata ake ngā hononga me ngā taunekeneke i waenganui i a rātou i tā tātou e whakaaro nei. Ka taea te kawe i ngā matū e tukuna ana e te pūtau ki tētahi wāhi o te tinana i roto i te wā poto; ka tukuna ngā mōhiohio neurotransmitter me te tere o te uira. Ko tō tātou kiri, hei ārai mō te tinana katoa, ko ia te rārangi mua o te papa pakanga, ā, he ngāwari ake ki ngā whara maha. Ki te kore e taea te whakatika i ēnei whara, ka whai mai ngā raruraru maha pēnei i te koroheketanga.
Tuatahi, ko te tukanga koroheketanga o te kiri e haere tahi ana me te raupapa o ngā huringa i ngā taumata pūtau me te ngota ngota, ka taea te tuku ki ētahi atu kiko, ki ētahi atu whekau rānei mā roto i ngā ara rerekē.
Hei tauira, ko te auau o ngā pūtau p16-pai (he tohu koroheketanga) i roto i te kiri he hononga pai ki ngā tohu koroheketanga o ngā pūtau ārai mate, ko te tikanga ka taea e te pakeketanga koiora o te kiri te tohu i te koroheketanga o te tinana ki tētahi taumata. Hei tāpiri, i kitea e te rangahau ka taea e ngā microbiota kiri te tohu tika i te pakeketanga o te wā, e whakaū ana i te hononga tata i waenga i te kiri me te koroheketanga pūnaha.
Kua kōrerotia i roto i ngā tuhinga o mua ko te tukanga koroheketanga i waenga i ngā whekau o te tinana he kore e mahi tahi, ā, ko te kiri pea te whekau tuatahi ki te whakaatu i ngā tohu o te koroheketanga. I runga i te hononga tata i waenga i te koroheketanga o te kiri me ētahi atu whekau o te tinana, he take tō te tangata ki te whakapae māia ko te koroheketanga o te kiri te take o te koroheketanga o te tinana katoa.
Ka pā te koroheketanga kiri ki te roro mā te pūnaha endocrine
Tērā pea ka pā te koroheketanga o te kiri ki te tinana katoa mā te tuaka hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA). Ehara i te mea he ārai anake te kiri, engari he mahi neuroendocrine anō hoki āna, ā, ka taea e ia te aro atu ki ngā whakaohooho taiao me te whakaputa i ngā homoni, ngā neuropeptides me ētahi atu matū.
Hei tauira, ka taea e te hihi ultraviolet te whakaputa i ngā momo homoni me ngā takawaenga mumura ki ngā pūtau kiri, pērā i te cortisol me ngā cytokine. Ka taea e ēnei matū te whakahohe i te pūnaha HPA i roto i te kiri. Mā te whakahohenga o te tuaka HPA ka tukuna e te hypothalamus te homoni tuku corticotropin (CRH). Ka whakaohokia e tēnei te repe pituitary o mua ki te whakaputa i te homoni adrenocorticotropic (ACTH), ka mutu, ka akiaki i ngā repe adrenal ki te whakaputa i ngā homoni ahotea pērā i te cortisol. Ka pā te cortisol ki ngā wāhanga maha o te roro, tae atu ki te hippocampus. Ko te whakaaturanga cortisol roa, nui rawa rānei, ka pā kino pea ki te mahi neuronal me te kirihou i roto i te hippocampus. Ka pā tēnei ki te mahi a te hippocampus me te urupare ahotea o te roro.
E whakaatu ana tēnei whakawhitiwhiti kiri-ki-roro he mea pea nā ngā āhuatanga taiao te tukanga koroheketanga, ka puta tuatahi ngā tauhohenga kiri, kātahi ka pā ki te roro mā te tuaka HPA, ka arahi atu ki ngā raruraru pūnaha pēnei i te hekenga o te hinengaro me te pikinga o te mōrearea o te mate ngakau me te ngākau.
Ka huna e ngā pūtau kiri kua koroheke te SASP, ka puta te mumura hei akiaki i te koroheketanga me ngā mate e pā ana ki te koroheketanga
Tērā pea ka pā te koroheketanga o te kiri ki te tinana katoa mā te whakatairanga i te mumura me te immunosenescence. Ka whakaputahia e ngā pūtau kiri kua koroheketia tētahi matū e kiia nei ko te "senescence-associated secretory phenotype" (SASP), kei roto ko ngā momo cytokine me ngā matrix metalloproteinases. He maha ngā āhuatanga o te SASP i roto i te tinana. Ka taea e ia te ātete ki ngā taiao kino o waho i roto i ngā pūtau noa. Heoi, i te hekenga o ngā mahi a te tinana, ka puta pea i te nui o te SASP te mumura i roto i te tinana me te whakaputa i te koretake o ngā pūtau tata, tae atu ki ngā pūtau ārai mate me ngā pūtau endothelial. E kiia ana ko tēnei āhua mumura iti te take nui o te maha o ngā mate e pā ana ki te koroheketanga.
Ka whai wāhi ngā koenzima ki te pākia o ngā matū nui pērā i te huka, te ngako, me te pūmua i roto i te tinana tangata, ā, he mahi nui tā rātou ki te whakahaere i te pākia o ngā matū me te pūngao o te tinana, me te pupuri i ngā mahi noa o te tinana.NAD Ko te coenzyme te mea nui rawa atu i roto i te tinana tangata, e kiia ana ko te coenzyme I. Ka whai wāhi atu ia ki ngā mano tini o ngā tauhohenga whākōkī redox i roto i te tinana tangata. He matū nui tēnei mō te pākia o ia pūtau. He maha āna mahi, ko ngā mahi matua ko:
1. Whakatairanga i te whakaputanga o te pūngao koiora
Ka whakaputa a NAD+ i te ATP mā te manawa pūtau, ka tāpiri tika i te pūngao pūtau me te whakarei ake i te mahi a te pūtau;
2. Te whakatika i ngā ira
Ko NAD+ anake te matūriki mō te whākōkī whakatika DNA PARP. Ka whai wāhi tēnei momo whākōkī ki te whakatika DNA, ka āwhina ki te whakatika i te DNA me ngā pūtau kua pakaru, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te whakarerekētanga pūtau, ā, ka ārai i te putanga mai o te mate pukupuku;
3. Whakahohehia ngā pūmua roa katoa
Ka taea e NAD+ te whakahohe i ngā pūmua roa e 7, nō reira he pānga nui ake tā NAD+ ki te ārai i te koroheketanga me te whakaroa i te roanga o te ora;
4. Whakakahangia te pūnaha ārai mate
Ka whakapakari a NAD+ i te pūnaha ārai mate, ā, ka whakapai ake i te ārai mate pūtau mā te pā ki te oranga me te mahi a ngā pūtau-T whakahaere.
He mea nui kia mōhiotia, ko te kaumātuatanga e haere tahi ana me te hekenga haere o ngā taumata NAD+ kiko me te pūtau i roto i ngā momo rauropi tauira, tae atu ki ngā kiore me te tangata. Ko te hekenga o ngā taumata NAD+ e hono ana ki ngā mate maha e pā ana ki te kaumātuatanga, tae atu ki te hekenga o te hinengaro, te mate pukupuku, te mate pāwera, te sarcopenia, me te ngoikore.
Kāore he mutunga kore o te NAD+ i roto i tō tātou tinana. Ka heke te nui me te mahi a te NAD+ i roto i te tinana tangata i te kaumātuatanga, ā, ka tere te heke i muri i te 30 tau, ka hua ake te koroheketanga o ngā pūtau, te apoptosis me te ngaronga o te kaha ki te whakaora.
Heoi anō, ko te whakahekenga o te NAD+ ka puta mai hoki he maha ngā raruraru hauora, nō reira, ki te kore e taea te whakakī anō i te NAD+ i te wā tika, ka taea te whakaaro ki ngā hua ka puta.
Tāpiringa mai i te kai
Kei roto i ngā kai pēnei i te kāpeti, te pūrokoro, te āwōkātō, te tītī, te harore, me te edamame ngā matūmua o te NAD+, ā, ka taea ēnei te huri hei NAD* hohe i roto i te tinana i muri i te mimiti.
Whakawhāitihia te kai me ngā kaora
Mā te whakawhāititanga o te kaha ka taea te whakahohe i ngā ara tirotiro pūngao i roto i ngā pūtau, ā, ka piki ake ngā taumata NAD*. Engari kia tino kai koe i tētahi kai taurite hei whakatutuki i ngā matea kai o tō tinana.
Me haere tonu, me whakakorikori tinana
Mā te whakakori tinana ngawari pēnei i te oma me te kaukau ka piki ake ngā taumata NAD+ i roto i te tinana, ka āwhina i te whakanui ake i te tuku hāora ki roto i te tinana, me te whakapai ake i te pākia o te pūngao.
Whāia ngā tikanga moe hauora
I te wā e moe ana, he maha ngā tukanga nui o te pākia me te whakatikatika e mahia ana e te tinana tangata, tae atu ki te hanga o te NAD*. Mā te moe nui ka āwhina i te pupuri i ngā taumata noa o te NAD*.
05Tāpiritanga o ngā matū mua o te NAD+
Kāore e taea e ngā tāngata e whai ake nei te whiwhi maimoatanga
Ki te hunga he ngoikore te mahi a ō rātou whatukuhu, ki te hunga e tangohia ana te rongoā dialysis, ki te hunga e mate haurangi ana, ki te hunga e hapu ana, ki te hunga e whāngai ana i te u, ki te hunga tamariki, ki te hunga e rongoatia ana ki te mate pukupuku, ki te hunga e tango ana i ngā rongoā, me te hunga kua pāngia e te mate pāwera i mua i te tīmatanga, tēnā whakapā atu ki tō tākuta.
Q: He aha ngā mahi a ngā tāpiringa NAD+?
Ko te tāpiringa A:NAD+ he tāpiringa kai e tāpiri ana ki te coenzyme NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). He mea nui te mahi a te NAD+ ki te pākia o te pūngao me te whakatikatika pūtau i roto i ngā pūtau.
Q: He tino mahi ngā tāpiringa NAD+?
A: E ai ki ētahi rangahau, ka āwhina pea ngā tāpiringa NAD+ ki te whakapai ake i te pākia o te pūngao pūtau me te whakaroa i te tukanga koroheketanga.
Q: He aha ngā pūtake kai o te NAD+?
A: Ko ngā puna kai o te NAD+ ko te mīti, te ika, ngā hua miraka, ngā pīni, ngā nati me ngā huawhenua. He nui ake te niacinamide me te niacin kei roto i ēnei kai, ka taea te huri hei NAD+ i roto i te tinana.
Q: Me pēhea taku whiriwhiri i tētahi tāpiringa NAD+?
A: I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā tāpiringa NAD+, me rapu tohutohu tuatahi koe i tētahi tākuta, i tētahi tohunga kai rānei, kia mārama ai koe ki ō hiahia kai me tō āhua hauora. Hei tāpiri, whiriwhiria he waitohu rongonui, tirohia ngā kai o te hua me te inenga, ā, whai i ngā aratohu inenga kei te tāpiringa hua.
Whakakape: He kōrero whānui noa iho tēnei tuhinga, kaua e whakamāramatia he tohutohu hauora. Ko ētahi o ngā kōrero o te pou rangitaki i ahu mai i te Ipurangi, ehara i te mea ngaio. Ko tā tēnei paetukutuku anake he whakarōpū, he whakatakotoranga me te whakatika i ngā tuhinga. Ko te kaupapa o te kawe atu i ētahi atu kōrero, ehara i te mea e whakaae ana koe ki ōna tirohanga, e whakaū ana rānei i te pono o ōna ihirangi. Me kōrero tonu ki tētahi tohunga hauora i mua i te whakamahi i tētahi tāpiringa, i te hanga rānei i ngā huringa ki tō tikanga tiaki hauora.
Wā tuku: Akuhata-06-2024
