Te Pūtaiao kei Muri i te Urolithin A: Ngā Mea Me Mōhio Koe

Urolithin A (UA)He matū i hangaia e te pākia o ngā tipu puku i roto i ngā kai e nui ana te ellagitannins (pērā i te pamekaranete, te rāhipere, me ētahi atu). E whakaarohia ana he ārai-mumura, he ārai-pakeketanga, he ārai-waipiro, he whakaoho i te mitophagy, me ētahi atu, ā, ka taea te whiti i te arai toto-roro. He maha ngā rangahau kua whakaū ka taea e te urolithin A te whakaroa i te koroheketanga, ā, kua whakaatuhia hoki e ngā rangahau haumanu he hua pai.

He aha te urolithin A?

Ko te Urolithin A (Uro-A) he matū whakaputa tipu puku momo ellagitannin (ET). I kitea mana, ā, i whakaingoatia i te tau 2005. Ko tōna tauira ngota ko C13H8O4, ā, ko tōna taumaha ngota whanaunga ko 228.2. Hei matū whakaputa matū mō te Uro-A, ko ngā puna kai matua o te ET ko ngā pamekaranete, ngā rōpere, ngā rāhipere, ngā nati me te waina whero. Ko te UA he hua o ngā ET i whakaputaia e ngā moroiti puku. He whānui ngā huarahi whakamahi o te UA ki te ārai me te rongoā i ngā mate maha. I taua wā anō, he whānui ngā puna kai a te UA.

Kua oti ngā rangahau mō ngā pānga ārai mate o ngā urolithin. Kāore te Urolithin-A e noho tūturu ana, engari ka puta mai i roto i ngā huringa o te ET e ngā tipu puku. Ko te UA he hua o ngā ET i whakapūpūtia e ngā moroiti puku. Ko ngā kai he nui te ET ka haere mā te puku me te whekau iti i roto i te tinana tangata, ā, i te mutunga ka whakapūpūtia hei Uro-A i roto i te koroni. Ka kitea hoki he iti o te Uro-A i roto i te whekau iti o raro.

Hei pūhui polyphenolic tūturu, kua aro nuitia ngā ET nā ō rātou mahi koiora pērā i te antioxidant, te anti-inflammatory, te anti-allergy me te anti-virus. Haunga te mea i ahu mai i ngā kai pērā i te pamekaranete, te rōpere, te nati wōnati, te rāhipere me te aramona, kei roto hoki i ngā nati gallnut, ngā kiri pamekaranete, te myrobalan, te Dimininus, te geranium, te betel nati, ngā rau sea buckthorn, te Phyllanthus, te Uncaria, te Sanguisorba, i roto i ngā rongoā Hainamana pērā i te Phyllanthus emblica me te Agrimony.

He āhua polar te rōpū hydroxyl i roto i te hanganga ngota o ngā ET, kāore e pai mō te mimiti e te pakitara o te puku, ā, he tino iti te wātea o tōna koiora. He maha ngā rangahau kua kitea i muri i te horomia o ngā ET e te tinana tangata, ka whakapūkaratia e ngā tipu puku i roto i te koroni ka hurihia hei urolithin i mua i te mimiti. Ka whakapūkaratia ngā ET ki te waikawa ellagic (EA) i roto i te ara kai o runga, ā, ka tukuna te EA mā roto i ngā whekau. Ka tukatukahia anō e ngā tipu kitakita, ka ngaro te mowhiti lactone, ā, ka pāngia e ngā tauhohenga dehydroxylation tonu hei whakaputa urolithin. E ai ki ngā pūrongo, ko te urolithin pea te pūtake rauemi mō ngā pānga koiora o ngā ET i roto i te tinana.

He aha te pānga o te bioavailability o te urolithin?

I te kitenga i tēnei, ki te mea he atamai koe, kua mōhio pea koe ki te hononga o te bioavailability o te UA.

Ko te mea nui ko te hanganga o te microbiome, nā te mea kāore e taea e ngā momo microbial katoa te whakaputa. Ko te rauemi mata o te UA ko ngā ellagitannins e ahu mai ana i te kai. He ngāwari te tiki atu i tēnei matūmua, ā, tata ki te kitea i ngā wāhi katoa o te taiao.

Ka whakawairohia ngā ellagitannins i roto i te whekau hei tuku i te waikawa ellagic, ka tukatukahia anō e ngā tipu whekau hei urolithin A.

E ai ki tētahi rangahau i roto i te puka Cell, e 40% anake o te tangata ka taea te huri i te urolithin A mai i tōna matū taketake hei urolithin A e taea ai te whakamahi.

He aha ngā mahi a te urolithin A?

Ārai-pakeketanga

E whakapono ana te ariā mō te koroheketanga, ko ngā momo hāora tauhohe i puta mai i roto i te pākia o te mitochondrial ka puta te ahotea waikura i roto i te tinana, ā, ka arahi ki te koroheketanga, ā, he mea nui te mitophagy ki te pupuri i te hauora me te pono o te mitochondrial. Kua pūrongohia ka taea e te UA te whakahaere i te mitophagy, ā, ka whakaatu i te kaha ki te whakaroa i te koroheketanga. I kitea e Ryu et al. i whakaitihia e te UA te ngoikore o te mitochondrial me te roa o te oranga i roto i te Caenorhabditis elegans mā te whakaoho i te mitophagy; i roto i ngā kiore, ka taea e te UA te whakakore i te hekenga o te mahi uaua e pā ana ki te koroheketanga, e tohu ana ka whakapai ake te UA i te mahi mitochondrial mā te whakarei ake i te papatipu uaua me te roa ake o te oranga o te tinana. I whakamahia e Liu et al. te UA hei wawao i roto i te koroheketanga o ngā fibroblasts kiri. I whakaatuhia e ngā hua i whakanuia e te UA te whakaaturanga o te collagen momo I me te whakaiti i te whakaaturanga o te matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1). I whakahohehia hoki e ia te tauhohenga antioxidant e pā ana ki te Factor E2 (factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, Nrf2) e whakaiti ana i te ROS intracellular, ā, e whakaatu ana i te kaha kaha ki te ārai i te koroheketanga.

Pānga ārai mate

I tēnei wā, he maha ngā rangahau kua mahia mō te pānga antioxidant o te urolithin. I roto i ngā metabolites urolithin katoa, ko te Uro-A te mea tino kaha ki te antioxidant, tuarua ki ngā proanthocyanidin oligomers, catechins, epicatechin me te 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. I kitea i roto i te whakamātautau oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) o te plasma o ngā tūao hauora kua piki ake te kaha antioxidant mā te 32% i muri i te 0.5 hāora o te horomitanga o te wai pamekaranete, engari kāore i tino rerekē te taumata o ngā momo hāora tauhohe, i roto i ngā whakamātautau Neuro- In vitro i runga i ngā pūtau 2a i kitea ka taea e te Uro-A te whakaiti i te taumata o ngā momo hāora tauhohe i roto i ngā pūtau. E whakaatu ana ēnei hua he kaha ngā pānga antioxidant o te Uro-A.

03. Urolithin A me ngā mate pūnaha toto me ngā mate roro

Kei te piki haere te maha o ngā mate manawa me te ngākau (CVD) puta noa i te ao i ia tau, ā, kei te teitei tonu te reiti mate. Ehara i te mea ka whakapiki ake i te taumahatanga pāpori me te ōhanga anake, engari ka pā kino hoki ki te kounga o te oranga o te tangata. He mate maha ngā āhuatanga o te CVD. Ka taea e te mumura te whakanui ake i te mōrearea o te CVD. E pā ana te ahotea waikura ki te pathogenesis o te CVD. E ai ki ngā pūrongo e pā ana ki ngā metabolites i ahu mai i ngā moroiti puku me te mōrearea o te CVD.

Kua pūrongohia he kaha ngā pānga ārai-mumura me te ārai-waikura o te UA, ā, kua whakaūhia e ngā rangahau e tika ana he whai hua te UA ki te mate CVD. I whakamahia e Savi et al. tētahi tauira kiore mate huka hei whakahaere i ngā rangahau in vivo mō te cardiomyopathy mate huka, ā, i kitea e rātou ka taea e te UA te whakaiti i te urupare mumura tuatahi o te kiko myocardial ki te hyperglycemia, te whakapai ake i te taiao moroiti myocardial, me te whakatairanga i te whakaoranga o te kaha o te cardiomyocyte me te kaha o te konupūmā, e tohu ana ka taea e te UA te whakamahi hei rongoā āwhina hei whakahaere i te cardiomyopathy mate huka me te aukati i ōna raruraru.

Ka taea e te UA te whakapai ake i te mahi mitochondrial me te mahi uaua mā te whakaoho i te mitophagy. Ko ngā mitochondria o te ngākau ngā whekau matua e whai kawenga ana mō te whakaputa ATP whai pūngao. Ko te ngoikore o te mitochondrial te pūtake o te ngoikore o te ngākau. Ko te ngoikore o te mitochondrial e kiia ana i tēnei wā he whāinga rongoā pea. Nō reira, kua noho ko te UA hei rongoā hou mō te rongoā i te CVD.

Urolithin A me ngā mate pūnaha io

He tukanga nui te mumura o te roro i roto i te putanga mai me te whanaketanga o te mate neurodegenerative (ND). Ko te apoptosis i puta mai i te ahotea oxidative me te whakahiato pūmua rerekē ka whakaoho i te mumura o te roro, ā, ko ngā cytokine pro-inflammatory i tukuna e te mumura o te roro ka pā ki te neurodegeneration.

Kua kitea e ngā rangahau ka āwhina te UA i te mahi ārai-mumura mā te whakaoho i te autophagy me te whakahohe i te tikanga deacetylation silent signal regulator 1 (SIRT-1), ka aukati i te neuroinflammation me te neurotoxicity, me te ārai i te neurodegeneration, e kī ana he rongoā Neuroprotective whai hua te UA. I taua wā anō, kua kitea e ētahi rangahau ka taea e te UA te whakamahi i ngā pānga neuroprotective mā te tango tika i ngā radical kore utu me te aukati i ngā oxidases.

Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau he mahi tiaki io ​​te wai pamekaranete mā te whakanui ake i te mahi a te mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase, te pupuri i te taumata o te pūmua anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL, te whakaiti i te whakahiato α-synuclein me te kino oxidative, me te pā ki te mahi neuronal me te pumau. Ko ngā matū Urolithin ngā metabolites me ngā wāhanga pānga o ngā ellagitannins i roto i te tinana, ā, he mahi koiora pērā i te ārai-mumura, te ārai-oxidative ahotea, me te ārai-apoptosis. Ka taea e te Urolithin te mahi tiaki io ​​mā te arai toto-roro, ā, he ngota iti kaha pea hei wawao i ngā mate neurodegenerative.

Urolithin A me ngā mate pirau o ngā hononga me te tuaiwi

He maha ngā āhuatanga e pā mai ana ki ngā mate whakahekenga, pērā i te koroheketanga, te taumahatanga, me te whara. Ko ngā mate whakahekenga tino noa o ngā hononga ko te osteoarthritis (OA) me te mate whakahekenga tuaiwi ko te degeneration o ngā kōpae intervertebral (IDD). Ka taea e te putanga mai te mamae me te iti o te mahi, ka mutu te mahi, ā, ka tino mōrearea te hauora o te iwi. Ko te tikanga o te UA i roto i te rongoā i te mate whakahekenga tuaiwi IDD, tera pea e pā ana ki te whakaroa i te apoptosis o ngā pūtau nucleus pulposus (NP). He wāhanga nui te NP o te kōpae intervertebral. Ka pupuri i te mahi koiora o te kōpae intervertebral mā te tohatoha i te pēhanga me te pupuri i te homeostasis matrix. Kua kitea e ngā rangahau ka whakaoho te UA i te mitophagy mā te whakahohe i te ara tohu AMPK, ā, ka aukati i te apoptosis i puta mai i te tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) o ngā pūtau NP o te pūtau osteosarcoma tangata me te whakaiti i te degeneration o ngā kōpae intervertebral.

Urolithin A me ngā mate pāwera

Kei te piki haere te maha o ngā mate pāwera pēnei i te momona me te mate huka i ia tau, ā, kua whakaūngia e te tini ngā pānga pai o ngā polyphenols kai ki te hauora o te tangata, ā, kua whakaatuhia te kaha ki te ārai me te rongoā i ngā mate pāwera. Ka taea e ngā polyphenols pamekaranete me tana matū whakaputa whekau UA te whakapai ake i ngā tohu haumanu e pā ana ki ngā mate pāwera, pēnei i te lipase, α-glucosidase (α-glucosidase) me te dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) e whai wāhi ana ki te pākia o te huka me te waikawa ngako. 4), tae atu ki ngā ira e pā ana pēnei i te adiponectin, PPARγ, GLUT4 me te FABP4 e pā ana ki te rerekētanga o ngā pūtau ngako me te kohikohinga triglyceride (TG).

Hei tāpiritanga, kua kitea hoki e ētahi rangahau he kaha te UA ki te whakaiti i ngā tohu o te momona. Ko te UA he hua o te pākia o te puku o ngā polyphenols. He kaha ēnei matūkai ki te whakaiti i te kohikohinga TG i roto i ngā pūtau ate me ngā pūtau ngako. I whāngaihia e Abdulrasheed me ētahi atu he kai ngako nui ki ngā kiore Wistar hei whakaoho i te momona. Kāore i te whakanui noa i te tukunga ngako i roto i ngā paru te maimoatanga UA, engari i whakaitihia hoki te papatipu kiko ngako visceral me te taumaha o te tinana mā te whakahaere i ngā ira e pā ana ki te lipogenesis me te waikura waikawa ngako. Ka whakaiti i te kohikohinga ngako ate me tōna ahotea waikura. I taua wā anō, ka taea e te UA te whakanui ake i te whakapaunga pūngao mā te whakarei ake i te thermogenesis o te kiko ngako parauri me te whakaoho i te parauri o te ngako mā. Ko te tikanga he whakanui ake i ngā taumata triiodothyronine (T3) i roto i ngā putunga ngako parauri me ngā putunga ngako inguinal. Ka whakanui ake i te whakaputanga wera, ā, nā reira ka ārai i te momona.

Hei tāpiritanga, he pānga anō hoki tō te UA ki te aukati i te hanga melanin. Kua kitea e ngā rangahau ka taea e te UA te whakaiti i te hanga melanin i roto i ngā pūtau melanoma B16. Ko te tikanga matua ko te pānga o te UA ki te whakahohenga whakatere o te tyrosinase mā te aukati whakataetae o te tyrosinase pūtau, ā, ka whakaiti i te tae kiri. Nō reira, he kaha, he whai hua hoki tō te UA ki te whakama me te whakamārama i ngā ira. Ā, e whakaatu ana ngā rangahau he pānga tō te urolithin A ki te whakakore i te koroheketanga o te pūnaha ārai mate. I kitea e ngā rangahau hou ina tāpirihia te urolithin A hei tāpiringa kai, ehara i te mea ka whakahohe noa i te kaha o te rohe lymphatic o te pūnaha ārai mate kiore, engari ka whakarei ake hoki i te mahi a ngā pūtau take hematopoietic. Ko te mahi whānui e whakaatu ana i te kaha o te urolithin A ki te whawhai ki te hekenga o te pūnaha ārai mate e pā ana ki te koroheketanga.

Hei whakarāpopototanga, ko te UA, hei matū whakaputa puku o ngā matū tipu taiao ET, kua aro nuitia i ngā tau tata nei. I te mea kua whānui haere, kua hōhonu haere te rangahau mō ngā pānga rongoā me ngā tikanga o te UA, ehara i te mea ko te mate pukupuku me te CVD (ngā mate manawa) anake te whai huatanga o te UA. He pai hoki tōna pānga ārai me te rongoā ki ngā mate haumanu maha pērā i te ND (ngā mate neurodegenerative) me ngā mate pākia. E whakaatu ana hoki i te kaha nui o te whakamahinga i roto i ngā mara o te ataahua me te tiaki hauora pērā i te whakaroa i te koroheketanga o te kiri, te whakaiti i te taumaha o te tinana me te aukati i te hanga melanin.

He kaihanga kua rēhitatia ki te FDA a Suzhou Myland Pharm & Nutrition Inc. e whakarato ana i te paura Urolithin A kounga teitei, parakore hoki.

I Suzhou Myland Pharm, e whakapau kaha ana mātou ki te whakarato i ngā hua kounga teitei rawa atu i ngā utu pai rawa atu. Kua whakamatautauria te paura Urolithin A kia tino parakore, kia kaha hoki, kia whiwhi ai koe i tētahi tāpiringa kounga teitei ka taea e koe te whakawhirinaki. Ahakoa e hiahia ana koe ki te tautoko i te hauora pūtau, ki te whakapakari i tō pūnaha ārai mate, ki te whakarei ake rānei i te hauora whānui, ko tā mātou paura Urolithin A te whiringa tino pai.

Me te 30 tau o te wheako, me te mea hoki e ārahihia ana e te hangarau matatau me ngā rautaki R&D kua tino arotauhia, kua whakawhanakehia e Suzhou Myland Pharm he whānuitanga o ngā hua whakataetae, ā, kua riro hei kamupene auaha mō ngā tāpiringa pūtaiao koiora, te hanga ritenga me ngā ratonga hanga.

Hei tāpiritanga, he kaihanga kua rēhitatia ki te FDA a Suzhou Myland Pharm. He hou, he maha ngā mahi a ngā rauemi R&D a te kamupene, ngā whare whakaputa, me ngā taputapu tātari, ā, ka taea te whakaputa matū mai i te mirikaramu ki te tana i te tauine, me te tutuki i ngā paerewa ISO 9001 me ngā whakaritenga whakaputa GMP.