He aha ngā mea me mōhio koe mō te nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)?

Ko te ingoa whānui o NAD+ ko te coenzyme, ā, ko tōna ingoa katoa ko te nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. He coenzyme nui tēnei i roto i te huringa waikawa tricarboxylic. Ka whakatairanga i te pākia o te huka, te ngako, me ngā waikawa amino, ka whai wāhi ki te hanga pūngao, ā, ka whai wāhi ki ngā mano tini o ngā tauhohenga i roto i ia pūtau. He nui ngā raraunga whakamātautau e whakaatu ana he whānui te whai wāhi o NAD+ ki ngā momo mahi ā-tinana taketake o te rauropi, ā, ka uru atu ki ngā mahi matua o te pūtau pēnei i te pākia o te pūngao, te whakatika i te DNA, te whakarerekētanga ira, te mumura, ngā auau koiora, me te ātete ki te ahotea.

E ai ki ngā rangahau e tika ana, ka heke te taumata NAD+ i roto i te tinana o te tangata i te pakeketanga. Mā te hekenga o ngā taumata NAD+ ka heke pea te pūnaha io, ka ngaro te tirohanga, ka momona, ka heke te mahi a te ngākau me ētahi atu hekenga mahi. Nō reira, he pātai tonu te take me pēhea te whakanui ake i te taumata NAD+ i roto i te tinana o te tangata. He kaupapa rangahau wera tēnei i roto i te hapori koiora.

He aha te take ka heke ai te NAD+?

Nā te mea, i a tātou e pakeke haere ana, ka piki haere te kino o te DNA. I te wā o te tukanga whakatika DNA, ka piki ake te hiahia mō te PARP1, ka iti te mahi a te SIRT, ka piki ake te whakamahinga o te NAD+, ā, ka heke noa te nui o te NAD+.

Ki te nui ā tātou tāpiringaNAD+, ka kitea e tātou he maha ngā mahi a te tinana ka tīmata ki te whakahoki mai i te taitamarikitanga.

Kei roto i ngā pūtau te NAD+. Me tāpiri tonu rānei he tāpiringa ki tēnei?

E 37 tiriona pūtau te rahi o tō tātou tinana. Me whakaoti e ngā pūtau he maha o ngā "mahi" me ngā tauhohenga pūtau kia mau tonu ai rātou. Ko ia o ō pūtau 37 tiriona e whakawhirinaki ana ki te NAD+ kia mahi tonu ai i tana mahi.

I te kaumātuatanga o te taupori o te ao, kua noho ko ngā mate e pā ana ki te kaumātuatanga pērā i te mate a Alzheimer, te mate ngākau, ngā raruraru hononga, te moe me ngā raruraru pūnaha toto hei mate nui e mōrearea ana ki te hauora o te tangata.

Nō reira, mai i te kitenga o te NAD e ngā kaipūtaiao o Amerika, kua uru te NAD ki te oranga o te tangata, ā, kua whakaatuhia e te NAD+ me āna tāpiringa he nui ngā tūmanakohanga mō te whakamahi i roto i te aukati i ngā mate e pā ana ki te koroheketanga.

① Ka mahi a NAD+ hei coenzyme i roto i ngā mitochondria hei whakatairanga i te taurite o te pākia o te tinana. He tino kaha te mahi a NAD+ i roto i ngā tukanga pākia o te tinana pērā i te glycolysis, te huringa TCA (arā, te huringa Krebs, te huringa waikawa citric rānei) me te mekameka kawe irahiko. Koinei te huarahi e whiwhi pūngao ai ngā pūtau. Ka whakaitihia e te koroheketanga me te kai nui-kaiora ngā taumata NAD+ i roto i te tinana.

Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau i roto i ngā kiore pakeke, mā te tango i ngā tāpiringa NAD+ ka whakaiti i te pikinga taumaha e pā ana ki te kai, ki te pakeketanga rānei, ā, ka whakapai ake i te kaha ki te whakakorikori tinana. Hei tāpiri, kua hurihia e ngā rangahau ngā pānga o te mate huka i roto i ngā kiore uwha, e whakaatu ana i ngā rautaki hou hei whawhai i ngā mate pāwera pēnei i te momona.

Ka herea e te NAD+ ngā whākōkī, ā, ka whakawhiti irahiko i waenga i ngā ngota. Ko ngā irahiko te pūtake o te pūngao pūtau. Ka mahi te NAD+ ki ngā pūtau, pērā i te whakahou i te pākahiko. Ina pau ngā irahiko, ka mate te pākahiko. I roto i ngā pūtau, ka taea e te NAD+ te whakatairanga i te whakawhiti irahiko me te whakarato pūngao ki ngā pūtau. Mā tēnei, ka taea e te NAD+ te whakaiti, te whakanui rānei i te mahi whākōkī, ka whakatairanga i te whakaaturanga ira me te tohu pūtau.

② Ka āwhina a NAD+ ki te whakahaere i te kino o te DNA

I te pakeke haere o ngā rauropi, ka taea e ngā āhuatanga taiao kino pēnei i te irahiko, te parahanga, me te tāruarua DNA kāore i te tino tika te kino ki te DNA. Ko tētahi tēnei o ngā ariā o te koroheketanga. Kei roto i te nuinga o ngā pūtau te "mīhini ngota" hei whakatika i tēnei kino.

Me whakamahi te NAD+ me te pūngao mō tēnei whakatikatika, nō reira ka pau ngā rauemi pūtau nui i te kino o te DNA. Ko te mahi a te PARP, he pūmua whakatikatika DNA nui, e whakawhirinaki ana hoki ki te NAD+. Mā te koroheketanga noa ka kohia te kino o te DNA i roto i te tinana, ka piki ake te RARP, ā, ka heke iho ngā kukū NAD+. Mā te kino o te DNA mitochondrial i tētahi taahiraa ka whakanui ake i tēnei whakahekenga.

③ NAD+ka pā ki te mahi a te ira roa o te ora Sirtuins, ā, ka aukati i te koroheketanga

Ko ngā ira hou mō te roa o te ora, arā, ko ngā sirtuins, e mōhiotia ana ko ngā "kaitiaki o ngā ira," he mahi nui tā rātou ki te pupuri i te hauora o ngā pūtau. Ko ngā sirtuins he whānau whākōkī e whai wāhi ana ki te urupare ki te ahotea o ngā pūtau me te whakatika i ngā pakaru. Ka whai wāhi hoki rātou ki te whakaputanga o te insulin, te tukanga koroheketanga, me ngā āhuatanga hauora e pā ana ki te koroheketanga pērā i ngā mate neurodegenerative me te mate huka.

Ko te NAD+ te wahie e āwhina ana i ngā sirtuin ki te pupuri i te pumau o te ira me te whakatairanga i te whakatikatika DNA. Pērā i te kore e taea e te motuka te ora me te kore wahie, me hiahia ngā Sirtuin ki te NAD+ hei whakahohe. E whakaatu ana ngā hua o ngā rangahau kararehe ko te whakanui ake i ngā taumata NAD+ i roto i te tinana ka whakahohe i ngā pūmua sirtuin me te whakaroa i te roanga o te ora o te rewena me te kiore.

④ Te mahi a te ngākau

Mā te whakanui ake i ngā taumata NAD+ ka tiakina te ngākau, ka whakapai ake hoki i te mahi a te ngākau. Ka taea e te toto toto tiketike te whakanui ake i te ngākau me ngā uaua kua āraihia, ka arahi pea ki te whiu. I muri i te whakakī anō i te taumata NAD+ i roto i te ngākau mā roto i ngā tāpiringa NAD+, ka aukatihia te kino ki te ngākau i puta mai i te reperfusion. Kua whakaatuhia e ētahi atu rangahau ka tiakina hoki e ngā tāpiringa NAD+ ngā kiore mai i te whakanuinga ngākau rerekē.

⑤ Te pirau o te roro

I roto i ngā kiore me te mate a Alzheimer, ko te whakanui ake i ngā taumata NAD+ i whakarei ake i te mahi hinengaro mā te whakaiti i te kohikohinga o ngā pūmua e whakararuraru ana i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero roro. Ko te whakanui ake i ngā taumata NAD+ ka tiaki hoki i ngā pūtau roro mai i te mate ina kore e nui te toto e rere ana ki te roro. Te āhua nei he oati hou tā NAD+ ki te tiaki i te neurodegeneration me te whakapai ake i te mahara.

⑥ Pūnaha ārai mate

I a tātou e pakeke haere ana, ka heke te kaha o ā tātou pūnaha ārai mate, ā, ka ngāwari ake tātou ki te pāngia e te mate. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau hou he mea nui te mahi a ngā taumata NAD+ ki te whakahaere i ngā urupare ārai mate me te mumura me te oranga o ngā pūtau i te wā e pakeke haere ana. E whakaatu ana te rangahau i te kaha rongoā o te NAD+ mō te ngoikore o te pūnaha ārai mate.

Te whanaungatanga i waenga i te mahi a NAD+ me te koroheketanga

Ka whai wāhi ngā coenzyme ki te pākia o ngā matū nui pēnei i te huka, te ngako, me te pūmua i roto i te tinana tangata, ā, he mahi nui tā rātou ki te whakahaere i te pākia o ngā matū me te pūngao o te tinana, me te pupuri i ngā mahi noa o te tinana. Ko te NAD te coenzyme tino nui i roto i te tinana tangata, e kiia ana ko te coenzyme I. Ka whai wāhi ia ki ngā mano tini o ngā tauhohenga redox enzymatic i roto i te tinana tangata. He matū tino nui mō te pākia o ia pūtau. He maha āna mahi, ko ngā mahi matua ko:

1. Whakatairanga i te whakaputanga o te pūngao koiora

Ka whakaputa a NAD+ i te ATP mā te manawa pūtau, ka tāpiri tika i te pūngao pūtau me te whakarei ake i te mahi a te pūtau;

2. Te whakatika i ngā ira

Ko NAD+ anake te matūriki mō te whākōkī whakatika DNA PARP. Ka whai wāhi tēnei momo whākōkī ki te whakatika DNA, ka āwhina ki te whakatika i te DNA me ngā pūtau kua pakaru, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te whakarerekētanga pūtau, ā, ka ārai i te putanga mai o te mate pukupuku;

3. Whakahohehia ngā pūmua roa katoa

Ka taea e NAD+ te whakahohe i ngā pūmua roa e 7, nō reira he pānga nui ake tā NAD+ ki te ārai i te koroheketanga me te whakaroa i te roanga o te ora;

4. Whakakahangia te pūnaha ārai mate

Ka whakapakari a NAD+ i te pūnaha ārai mate, ā, ka whakapai ake i te ārai mate pūtau mā te pā ki te oranga me te mahi a ngā pūtau-T whakahaere.

5. Whakatairanga i te tipu o te makawe

Ko te tino take o te ngaronga o te makawe ko te ngaronga o te kaha o ngā pūtau whaea o te makawe, ā, ko te ngaronga o te kaha o ngā pūtau whaea o te makawe nā te mea ka heke te taumata NAD+ i roto i te tinana tangata. Kāore i te nui te ATP o ngā pūtau whaea o te makawe hei mahi i te hanga pūmua makawe, ā, ka ngaro tō rātou kaha, ka arahi atu ki te ngaronga o te makawe.

6. Te whakahaere taumaha, te whakatairanga i te pākia o te tinana

I te tau 2017, i whakahaerehia e Ahorangi David Sinclair o te Kura Hauora o Harvard me tētahi tīma o te Kāreti Hauora o Ahitereiria tētahi whakamātautau whakatairite ki ngā kiore wahine momona e whakakorikori tinana ana i runga i te mīhini oma mō ngā wiki e 9, me te tango NMN i ia rā mō ngā rā e 18. I kitea i roto i te rangahau he pānga te NMN ki te pākia o te ngako ate. Ā, he nui ake te pānga o te hanga i tō te whakakorikori tinana.

He mea nui kia mōhiotia, ko te kaumātuatanga e haere tahi ana me te hekenga haere o ngā taumata NAD+ kiko me te pūtau i roto i ngā momo rauropi tauira, tae atu ki ngā kiore me te tangata. Ko te hekenga o ngā taumata NAD+ e hono ana ki ngā mate maha e pā ana ki te kaumātuatanga, tae atu ki te hekenga o te hinengaro, te mate pukupuku, te mate pāwera, te sarcopenia, me te ngoikore.

Me pēhea taku tāpiri i te NAD+ i ia rā?

Kāore he mutunga kore o te NAD+ i roto i tō tātou tinana. Ka heke te nui me te mahi a te NAD+ i roto i te tinana tangata i te kaumātuatanga, ā, ka tere te heke i muri i te 30 tau, ka hua ake te koroheketanga o ngā pūtau, te apoptosis me te ngaronga o te kaha ki te whakaora.

Heoi anō, ko te whakahekenga o te NAD+ ka puta mai hoki he maha ngā raruraru hauora, nō reira, ki te kore e taea te whakakī anō i te NAD+ i te wā tika, ka taea te whakaaro ki ngā hua ka puta.

1. Tāpiringa mai i te kai

Kei roto i ngā kai pēnei i te kāpeti, te pūrokoro, te āwōkātō, te tītī, te harore, me te edamame ngā matūmua o te NAD+, ā, ka taea ēnei te huri hei NAD* hohe i roto i te tinana i muri i te mimiti.

2. Whakawhāitihia te kai me ngā kaora

Mā te whakawhāititanga o te kaha ka taea te whakahohe i ngā ara tirotiro pūngao i roto i ngā pūtau, ā, ka piki ake ngā taumata NAD*. Engari kia tino kai koe i tētahi kai taurite hei whakatutuki i ngā matea kai o tō tinana.

3. Kia kaha tonu, kia whakakorikori tinana hoki

Mā te whakakori tinana ngawari pēnei i te oma me te kaukau ka piki ake ngā taumata NAD+ i roto i te tinana, ka āwhina i te whakanui ake i te tuku hāora ki roto i te tinana, me te whakapai ake i te pākia o te pūngao.

4. Whai i ngā tikanga moe hauora

I te wā e moe ana, he maha ngā tukanga nui o te pākia me te whakatikatika e mahia ana e te tinana tangata, tae atu ki te hanga o te NAD*. Mā te moe nui ka āwhina i te pupuri i ngā taumata noa o te NAD.

5. Tāpirihia ngā matū mua o te NAD+

Ko te waikawa nikotīni (NA) me te nikotīnimida (NAM) he matūtake o te NAD+. Ka taea te hanga me te huri hei NAD i roto i te tinana tangata, ā, ka nui ake te nui o te NAD. Heoi, nā te herenga o te ara hanga me ngā whākōkī e whakawhāiti ana i te tere, he iti te wātea o te koiora.

6 Tāpiri tika ki te NAD+

Mā te tāpiritanga o waho o te NAD+ ka taea te whakahoki wawe i ngā taumata NAD+ i roto i te tinana, ka taea ai e ngā whekau nui pēnei i te ngākau me te roro te whiwhi tāpiringa NAD+ whai hua ake.

He kaihanga kua rēhitatia ki te FDA a Suzhou Myland Pharm & Nutrition Inc. e whakarato ana i te paura tāpiringa NAD+ kounga teitei, parakore hoki.

I Suzhou Myland Pharm, e whakapau kaha ana mātou ki te whakarato i ngā hua kounga teitei rawa atu i ngā utu pai rawa atu. Ka whakamatautauria ā mātou paura tāpiringa NAD+ kia tino parakore, kia kaha hoki, kia whiwhi ai koe i tētahi tāpiringa kounga teitei ka taea e koe te whakawhirinaki. Ahakoa e hiahia ana koe ki te tautoko i te hauora pūtau, ki te whakapakari i tō pūnaha ārai mate, ki te whakarei ake rānei i te hauora whānui, ko tā mātou paura tāpiringa NAD+ te whiringa tino pai.

Me te 30 tau o te wheako, ā, e ārahihia ana e te hangarau matatau me ngā rautaki R&D kua tino arotauhia, kua whakawhanakehia e Suzhou Myland Pharm he whānuitanga o ngā hua whakataetae, ā, kua riro hei kamupene tāpiringa pūtaiao koiora auaha, hanga ritenga me ngā ratonga hanga.

Hei tāpiritanga, he kaihanga kua rēhitatia ki te FDA a Suzhou Myland Pharm. He hou, he maha ngā mahi a ngā rauemi R&D a te kamupene, ngā whare whakaputa, me ngā taputapu tātari, ā, ka taea te whakaputa matū mai i te mirikaramu ki te tana i te tauine, me te tutuki i ngā paerewa ISO 9001 me ngā whakaritenga whakaputa GMP.